electric bikes ,hybrid cycles,velodromes
electric bikes - Electric motorcycles and scooters are vehicles with two or three wheels that use electric motors to attain locomotion.
Increasingly accepted as capable, even appealing, forms of transportation, particularly in densely populated urban areas, electric two-wheel vehicles is a category that includes electric bicycles, motorcycles, and scooters. According to a recent report from Pike Research, worldwide sales of electric two-wheel vehicles (E2WVs) are expected to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.4% through 2016.
Generally, the source of power for the electric motor has been batteries, but development in fuel cell technology has created several prototypes. Some examples are: the ENV from Intelligent Energy, Honda's scooter using the Honda FC Stack, and the Yamaha FC-AQEL. Also, petroleum hybrid-electric motorcycles are under development. Some examples are the Ecycle, and Yamaha's Gen-RYU. hybrid cycles - A bicycle that is made for daily use and for travelling on different types of surfaces, such as rough or smooth roads, paved or unpaved trails and paths, is known as hybrid cycle. The hybrid cycle has a combination of the features of cycles used on road and on mountains. There are different models of hybrid cycle which include, Commuter, Cross bike and City Bike. Commuter is designed for travelling a long or a short distance. It can be used to travel out of the city or within the city due to its excellent features. Cross bike looks similar to a sports bike and is designed to travel on a smooth and slightly rough surface. It has flat handle bars which lets you sit upright. City bike is designed to travel on rough and unpaved surfaces. It differs from other bikes in its gearing system and its construction by light frame.
In general, hybrids use the mountain bike's triple crank, its handlebars, giving a more upright posture than road bicycles. velodromes - A velodrome is an arena for track cycling. Modern velodromes feature steeply banked oval tracks, consisting of two 180-degree circular bends connected by two straights. The straights transition to the circular turn through a moderate easement curve.
Banking in the turns, called superelevation, allows riders to keep their bikes relatively perpendicular to the surface while riding at speed. When traveling through the turns at racing speed, which may exceed 85 km/h (about 52 mph), the banking attempts to match the natural lean of a bicycle moving through that curve. Therefore, the centripetal acceleration of the combined inertia of bicycle and rider moving in the curved path balances the tangential acceleration pulling them outwards. There is no centrifugal effect 'trying' to tilt the bicycle outward: the net normal force is acting on the tires through the riding surface.
Riders are not always traveling at full speed or at a specific radius.